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Joseph Smith claimed to have numerous visions and visitations from heaven, all of them of some significance to the origin and development of the LDS religion. In fact, he claimed to have so many such experiences that it can be difficult to keep track of them all. This article provides a simple overview of these reported experiences. No attempt is made in this article to evaluate any of the specific reports.
An important distinction to be observed is that between visitations and visions. A visitation is an event in which a heavenly being literally became physically present on the earth and was visible to a person’s natural eyes. A vision is an event in which a mortal human being on earth had an experience in his mind (whether awake or asleep) of seeing heavenly beings (or other non-earthly realities). In a vision, the heavenly beings are understood not to have made a literal physical visit to the visionary. It is not always clear whether a specific event reported by Joseph Smith should be classified as a vision or a visitation.
In the two tables below, all visitations and visions are to Joseph Smith alone, unless stated otherwise. The reported events are listed in chronological order according to official LDS dates. In a couple of instances the heavenly being is not mentioned but is traditionally believed to have been the same angel that dominates the early appearances, namely, the angel that Joseph Smith later identified as Moroni. See the end of this article for a list of the sources cited in the tables.
Visitations of Moroni | |||
Date | Location | Reason/Event | References |
21-22 Sept. 1823 | Joseph's bedroom, Manchest NY | Moroni appears three timesin one night; JS has a vision of the location of the plates | JS-H 1:30-47 |
22 Sept. 1823 | Outside near house, Manchester, NY | Moroni tells JS to tell his father | JS-H 1:48-49 |
22 Sept. 1823 | Hill Cumorah | Show JS the plates, instruments | JS-H 1:51-53 |
22 Sept. 1824 22 Sept. 1825 22 Sept. 1826 |
Hill Cumorah | Annual visits to prepare JS to receive the plates | JS-H 1:53-54; cf. 128:20 |
22 Sept. 1827 | Hill Cumorah | Joseph receives the plates, instruments | JS-H 1:59 |
June-July 1828 | Harmony, PA | Urim and Thummim taken away after JS “wearied the Lord” asking if Harris could take the manuscript home; then returned | HC 1:21; cf. D&C 3 |
July-Aug. 1828 | Harmony, PA |
Plates, Urim/Thummim taken away after Harris lost the manuscript, then returned “in a few days”
|
HC 1:23; cf. D&C 10 |
June 1829 | Harmony, PA, to Fayette, NY | Moroni takes plates to keep them safe while JS, Oliver Cowdery, and David Whitmer travel; they see Moroni on the road | David Whitmer |
June 1829 | Fayette, NY | JS had finished the translation, returned the plates to Moroni | JS-H 1:60 |
June 1829 | Fayette, NY | The Three Witnesses, with JS, see “an angel” and the plates (with Harris’s vision separate) | HC 1:54-56; cf. D&C 128:20 |
June 1829 | Woods near Smith home, Manchester, NY | The Eight Witnesses see the plates (but no angel); then the angel took the plates (apparently given to him in another, undocumented, appearance) from JS | HC 1:57-58; Lucy’s Book, 457 |
Joseph Smith’s Other Heavenly Visitations and Visions | |||
Date | Heavenly Figures | Reason/Event | References |
Spring 1820 | Father and Son | Joseph to join none of the churches | JS-H 1:17-20; cf. D&C 128:21 |
1823-1827 | "many angels" | Revealing what was to happen | Wentworth Letter |
15 May 1829 | John the Baptist | Ordaining JS and Oliver Cowdery with the Aaronic priesthood | JS-H 1:68-73; D&C 13; 27:7-8 |
June 1829 | Peter, James, & John | Ordaining JS & Oliver as apostles and to commit the “keys” to them | D&C 27:12-13; cf. 128:20 |
1829? | Michael=Adam (and archangel Michael), and the devil | “On the banks of the Susquehanna” | D&C 128:20, 21; cf. 27:11; HC 3:388 |
16 Feb. 1832 | Father, Son, angels, Lucifer | Vision (not visitation) of JS, Sidney Rigdon | D&C 76:20-27 |
3 April 1836 | Jehovah; then Moses, Elias, and Elijah | Validating the temple; committing the “keys” to Joseph | D&C 110; cf. 27:6, 9; cf. also HC 3:387, 388 |
undated | Gabriel (=Noah), Raphael, and “divers angels” | Unstated | D&C 128:21; cf. HC 3:386 |
undated | Joseph, Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham (?) | Unstated | D&C 27:10 (?); John Taylor, JD 21:94 |
undated | Noah, Seth, Enoch | Unstated (not necessarily at the same time) | John Taylor, JD 21:94 |
undated | Jewish and Nephite apostles | Unstated | John Taylor, JD 21:94 |
undated | unnamed angel(s) | Commanding JS to begin practice of plural marriage | Eliza Snow |
D&C | Doctrine & Covenants (LDS scripture) |
David Whitmer | David Whitmer Interviews: A Restoration Witness, ed. Lyndon W. Cook |
HC | History of the Church (an official LDS Church early history) |
JD | Journal of Discourses |
JS-H | Joseph Smith—History (LDS scripture in Pearl of Great Price) |
Lucy’s Book | Lucy’s Book, by Lucy Mack Smith, ed. Lavina Fielding Anderson |
Wentworth Letter | Joseph Smith, Wentworth Letter (1842) |
Eliza Snow | Eliza R. Snow Smith, Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow (1884) |